Bronchiolitis

Description
This potentially serious infection is common in infants under 12 months of age. The infection begins like any common cold, but soon develops into a cough, rapid breathing and wheezing to the extent that feeding becomes difficult. Wheezing when breathing out is characteristic of bronchiolitis. This happens when inflammation causes the small airways (called the bronchioles) to become obstructed. Seek medical advice if the child develops these symptoms. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is most often responsible for bronchiolitis, although other viruses may cause outbreaks. The disease is transmitted directly by oral contact or airborne droplets, or indirectly by hands, tissues, eating utensils, toys or other articles freshly soiled by the nose and throat discharges of an infected person.


Incubation Period
4-5 days.


Infectious Period
Shortly before the onset of symptoms and during the active stage of the disease.


Controlling the Spread of Infection
Teach children to cover the mouth when sneezing or coughing and to wash their hands after blowing their noses. Dispose of tissues soiled with nose and throat discharges. Ensure staff wash hands after contact with soiled tissues or contact with nose and throat discharges. Exclude until the child is feeling well.


Treatment
A child with acute bronchiolitis will need medical assessment. A child with mild bronchiolitis may be treated at home. The child may benefit from a warm, humid atmosphere (a humidifier or steam). Increase the child's fluid intake. Use paracetamol to lower a high temperature and relieve a sore throat. Decongestant medication may help relieve symptoms. Some children with bronchiolitis may need to stay in hospital for a short time to receive specialised medical treatment.


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Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is intended as a guide only. Wollongong Medical Centre is not liable for any problems that may arise from incorrectly or otherwise applying information found in this website.


Further General Information

The following web site has information on infectious diseases: www.health.nsw.gov.au/infect/ or contact the Division of Population and Planning on 4255-2200.

For information on a large range of medical conditions and problems visit www.mayoclinic.com