Ringworm
(tinea)

Description
Ringworm is not actually a worm, but a spreading area of fungal dermatitis. Ringworm is passed on by direct skin contact or indirectly by touching contaminated articles, clothing and floors. While ringworm can be caught from animals, humans also have some species of ringworm that do not occur in animals at all. Different types of animals have different types of fungi that cause ringworm. If a specimen from the infected area is cultured in the laboratory, it is often possible to narrow down the source of infection to humans, cats and dogs, cattle, horses, pigs etc. Ringworm can be found in different areas of the body (hair, skin and nails). The condition looks different depending where it is located-on the scalp, the nails, the body or the foot. Ringworm of the skin (other than of the scalp, bearded areas and feet) This appears as a flat, spreading, ring-shaped lesion. The outer edge is usually reddish. It often contains fluid or pus, but may also be dry and scaly or moist and crusted. The centre of the patch may appear to be healing. Ringworm of the foot (commonly known as tinea or athlete's foot) The characteristics of this common condition are scaling or cracking of the skin, especially between the toes, or blisters containing a thin watery fluid. Ringworm of the nail This condition tends to be a long-term fungal disease. It is difficult to treat. It usually affects one or more nails of the hands or feet. The nail gradually thickens and becomes discoloured and brittle. Cheesy looking material forms beneath the nail, or the nail becomes chalky and disintegrates. Ringworm of the scalp and beard This condition begins as a small pimple. It spreads outward leaving fine scaly patches of temporary baldness. Infected hairs become brittle and break off easily.


Incubation Period
Varies with the site of infection. The incubation period for tinea is unknown.


Infectious Period
As long as the condition persists.


Controlling the Spread of Infection
Exclude children with a fungal infection until the day after appropriate treatment has commenced. Inspect close contacts regularly for signs of infection. Make sure good handwashing and cleaning techniques are being practised. Pets can be washed with anti-fungal washes.


Treatment
The condition first needs to be diagnosed correctly. It is treated by applying anti-fungal medications. These may need to be used for a long time if the nails are infected. Parents should seek medical advice. Ringworm in animals can be treated with anti-fungal preparations and tablets. These can be obtained from veterinarians.


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Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is intended as a guide only. Wollongong Medical Centre is not liable for any problems that may arise from incorrectly or otherwise applying information found in this website.


Further General Information

The following web site has information on infectious diseases: www.health.nsw.gov.au/infect/ or contact the Division of Population and Planning on 4255-2200.

For information on a large range of medical conditions and problems visit www.mayoclinic.com