Hepatitis B

Description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. The virus is found mainly in the blood of an infected person, and to a lesser extent in some other body fluids (for example, semen). Saliva is not thought to play a big part in transmission. Hepatitis B is more common in adults than in children and is not normally a problem in child care facilities. Frequently, this virus is carried without symptoms. Women who have this disease during pregnancy may transmit it to their newborn babies. Many of these babies become long-term carriers of the virus. The disease usually spreads when infected blood enters the body through a cut or abrasion or through a mucous membrane (such as the lining of the mouth). Symptoms, if present, may include abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, nausea, fever, tiredness, joint pain, dark urine and yellow skin or eyes (jaundice).


Incubation Period
2-6 months.


Infectious Period
For from about one month before jaundice occurs to about 1-3 months after jaundice occurs. Some people may carry the virus for life.


Controlling the Spread of Infection
Exclusion is not necessary. A child who feels unwell may need to stay away. It is not necessary to exclude a long-term carrier from child care. However, staff need to be aware of potential hazards and precautions. Take precautions when handling blood-contaminated items. More information on this subject is given on pages 18-19. Re-emphasise good handwashing, cleaning and disinfecting practices. Prevent scratching, biting, and violent or aggressive behaviour. Cover any open sores, cuts or abrasions that are weeping or moist. If a potentially infectious event occurs (for example, a bite from a hepatitis B carrier child that breaks the skin or a spread of blood from a carrier child), then contact the local public health unit immediately. Immediate preventive treatment may be given to the child or adult in contact with the carrier child.


Treatment
None. Preventive treatment is usually given only to intimate contacts or to people who have been involved in an incident where infected fluids may have contaminated wounds or cuts. Hepatitis B vaccine is available. It has been used to protect people at high risk of hepatitis B, such as dentists and surgeons.


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Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is intended as a guide only. Wollongong Medical Centre is not liable for any problems that may arise from incorrectly or otherwise applying information found in this website.


Further General Information

The following web site has information on infectious diseases: www.health.nsw.gov.au/infect/ or contact the Division of Population and Planning on 4255-2200.

For information on a large range of medical conditions and problems visit www.mayoclinic.com