Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
(Hib)

Description
A few years ago, before the vaccine was introduced, this germ was the most frequent cause of life¬threatening infection in children under 5 years of age. It can cause meningitis (infection of the brain linings), epiglottitis (swelling of part of the throat, which obstructs breathing), pneumonia, joint infection or cellulitis (infection of the tissue under the skin). Symptoms of meningitis include fever, vomiting, headache, irritability, fitting and neck stiffness. Neck stiffness may be hard to identify. The bacteria live in the throat. They are spread in respiratory secretions by direct person-to-person contact (for example, kissing), and by hands, mouthed toys etc.


Incubation Period
2-4 days.


Infectious Period
Hib is infectious as long as there are organisms present in the nose and throat.


Controlling the Spread of Infection
Check the immunisation records of all children in contact with a child with Hib. Unimmunised children who have had close contact with the child with Hib will need special antibiotics. If needed, the public health authorities may help arrange for other children and staff to be given courses of the antibiotic rifampicin by mouth and/or arrange vaccination. Adults may also be given the antibiotic. They are not at risk of disease but may be carrying the germ in their throat.


Treatment
A child with Hib will be treated in hospital with antibiotics. A special antibiotic (rifampicin) may be given to kill organisms present in the nose and throat. This antibiotic is not the same as those used to treat the child's infection; it is an extra antibiotic given to prevent spread of the disease.


Comments
Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b is recommended for all children.

Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is intended as a guide only. Wollongong Medical Centre is not liable for any problems that may arise from incorrectly or otherwise applying information found in this website.


Further General Information

The following web site has information on infectious diseases: www.health.nsw.gov.au/infect/ or contact the Division of Population and Planning on 4255-2200.

For information on a large range of medical conditions and problems visit www.mayoclinic.com