Cytomegalovirus
(CMV)

Description
Cytomegalovirus is a member of the herpes virus group. Most CMV infections cause either no symptoms or only mild symptoms. The virus is spread by close contact with infectious body secretions (saliva, urine, breastmilk, tears, blood, cervical secretions and semen) which enter through mucous membranes (eyes, mouths and genitals) and cuts in the skin. Infection of infants can also occur before birth, at birth, or early in life. Most women (50-60%) have been infected with CMV in the past and cannot be infected with the virus again. However, women who are infected with CMV for the first time while pregnant may infect the unborn baby. Infection of the unborn baby occasionally leads to eye disease, deafness, developmental delay or death. Therefore, pregnant women who are caring for young children need to be particularly careful.


Incubation Period
Not accurately known. Probably 3-12 weeks.


Infectious Period
For as long as the virus is shed in body secretions (usually a few weeks), but occasionally longer or intermittently thereafter.


Controlling the Spread of Infection
It is common for children under the age of 5 to shed CMV in urine and saliva. It is not necessary to exclude these children from the centre. Women of child bearing age working with young children should always practise good personal cleanliness, especially: • good handwashing after contact with body secretions, and especially after changing nappies or assisting in toilet care • not kissing infants on the mouth (hugging is acceptable).


Treatment
Usually none is required.


Comments
Women planning pregnancy need to inform their doctor that they work with young children. For more information, see section on occupational risks for child care workers on page 38.


Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is intended as a guide only. Wollongong Medical Centre is not liable for any problems that may arise from incorrectly or otherwise applying information found in this website.


Further General Information

The following web site has information on infectious diseases: www.health.nsw.gov.au/infect/ or contact the Division of Population and Planning on 4255-2200.

For information on a large range of medical conditions and problems visit www.mayoclinic.com