Cold sores
(herpes simplex)

Description
Cold sores are caused by herpes simplex viruses-usually type 1 and rarely type 2. The area of infection usually reddens and then fluid-filled blisters develop. The blisters tend to recur on the same part of the person's body, for example, the lips, gums and mouth (causing a condition called gingivostomatitis), the eyes, or other parts of the body. There may be a single blister or a number of blisters present at one time. These blisters burst, becoming ulcers which eventually heal. New skin then grows over the affected area. Once infected with this virus, the person has it for the rest of their life. Therefore, cold sores may recur. Often, cold sores recur when a person is under stress, exposed to sunlight, unwell or run-down, or undergoing hormonal changes. Sometimes, though, they re-appear for no apparent reason.


Incubation Period
3-10 days.


Infectious Period
Until the infected area has completely dried. The cold sore virus has been found in the saliva for as long as seven weeks after recovery from herpes in the mouth.


Controlling the Spread of Infection
Young children unable to comply with good hygiene practices should be excluded while the lesion is weeping. Lesions should be covered by a dressing where possible. Anyone with a cold sore should avoid contact with babies aged less than 2 months. Follow good handwashing and cleaning procedures. Do not allow kissing on or near the infected area or sharing of food or drink containers. Dispose of used tissues correctly. Wash toys that children put in their mouths daily and store dummies separately. Do not allow children to drink from another child's bottle.


Treatment
The following ointments can be applied to cold sores to dry and clean them and to help prevent secondary infection. They are all available from chemists. • Betadine paint. This is often used on cold sores. It contains iodine. • Gentian violet. It also contains iodine. • Stoxil. It contains idoxuride, which is used as an anti-viral herpes treatment. • Alcohol, methylated spirits etc. These are cheap but may sting. • Vitamin E (in oil form).


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Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is intended as a guide only. Wollongong Medical Centre is not liable for any problems that may arise from incorrectly or otherwise applying information found in this website.


Further General Information

The following web site has information on infectious diseases: www.health.nsw.gov.au/infect/ or contact the Division of Population and Planning on 4255-2200.

For information on a large range of medical conditions and problems visit www.mayoclinic.com