Chickenpox

Description
Chickenpox is a viral illness that comes on suddenly. Symptoms include fever, runny nose, cough, fatigue and a general rash. Each sore begins as a small bump which becomes blister-like for 3-4 days, then leaves a scab. Several crops of these blisters will come out over a period of days, so at any one time, the child will have sores in various stages of development. The rash tends to be more noticeable on the trunk of the body than on exposed parts of the body. It may appear inside the mouth, on the scalp and in the upper respiratory tract. Chickenpox is highly contagious. It is spread by coughing and contact with a moist rash. One infection gives long-lasting immunity. People rarely get chickenpox twice. Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by the same virus. It is an eruption in someone who has previously had chickenpox. Direct contact with the moist shingles rash can cause chickenpox in a child who has not already had it.


Incubation Period
13-17 days.


Infectious Period
From two days before the rash appears (that is, during the coughing, runny nose stage) and until all blisters have formed scales or crusts.


Controlling the Spread of Infection
Exclude infected children from the centre until all blisters have crusted, there are no moist sores, and the child feels well. Dispose of tissues soiled with nose and throat discharges. Varicella zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) may be given to some contacts who are at very high risk of complications because of other medical problems. This is not recommended for normal healthy children. Follow good personal cleanliness practices. Cover the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing. Dispose of soiled tissues after wiping a runny nose. Wash hands carefully. Do not share eating utensils, food or drinking cups. If there is an outbreak, disinfect mouthed toys after washing them.


Treatment
There is no specific treatment, but calamine lotion or phenergan may soothe the itch. Use a medicine containing paracetamol to lower the child's temperature or relieve discomfort. Never give aspirin to children who develop fever after exposure to chickenpox. Aspirin appears to increase the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious disorder characterised by sleepiness and vomiting. Reye's syndrome can lead to coma and death.


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Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is intended as a guide only. Wollongong Medical Centre is not liable for any problems that may arise from incorrectly or otherwise applying information found in this website.


Further General Information

The following web site has information on infectious diseases: www.health.nsw.gov.au/infect/ or contact the Division of Population and Planning on 4255-2200.

For information on a large range of medical conditions and problems visit www.mayoclinic.com